半腱肌腱等长重建膝关节后外侧复合体

Isometric reconstruction of knee posterolateral complex with the semitendinosus tendon

目的通过研究膝关节外侧副韧带在股骨髁上的等长点,采用半腱肌腱等长重建膝关节后外侧复合体,并探讨其临床结果。方法自2001年2月至2005年2月,对18例膝关节后外侧复合体陈旧性损伤患者采用自体同侧半腱肌腱等长重建。男12例,女6例;年龄19～52岁,平均39岁。术中将半腱肌腱双折后从腓骨头外侧副韧带止点的骨隧道穿入,从腘腓韧带止点的骨隧道穿出;然后分别固定在其股骨外侧髁的等长点上。通过观察膝关节内翻和外旋的稳定性,判断膝关节后外侧结构的稳定性。结果外侧副韧带腓骨附着点至股骨附着点的前方或前下方8￣10mm处具有较好的等长性;而腓骨后上方的腘腓韧带附着点与腘肌腱股骨附着点相对等长。重建术后随访12￣24个月,平均14个月。18例患者完全伸直位均无内翻不稳,屈膝30°位时膝关节Ⅰ度内翻不稳2例。3例屈膝30°和90°位小腿外旋增加5°￣8°,平均6°;14例外旋和健侧相同;1例外旋减小。结论应用半腱肌腱等长重建膝关节后外侧复合体能有效恢复膝关节后外侧结构的稳定性,手术创伤相对较小,是一种理想的重建方法。

Objective To explore the isometric attachment site of the posterolateral structure in the femoral lateral condyle and introduce the method of knee posterolateral complex （PLC） reconstruction with the semitendinosus tendon. Methods Isometric reconstruction of the chronic PLC injury of knee joint in 18 cases, were performed with the semitendinosus tendon from February 2001 to February 2005. Of all patients, there were 12 males and 6 females, average age was 39 years old （range, 19-52 years old）. All cases were chronic injuries, with duration of 1.5-14 months. 3 cases were simple PLC injury, 10 cases were PLC injury with posterior cruciate ligament （PCL） injury, 2 of which had undergone PCL reconstruction about 6.5 months. 3 cases combined with anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury, 2 cases combined with ACL and PCL injury. To put in the double semitendinosus tendon from the bony tunnel of anatomical insertion of the fibular collateral ligment in caput fibulae and put out from the bony tunnel of anatomical insertion of the popliterofibular ligment in the caput fibulae, then fix them respectively in the isomeric bony tunnel of the femoral lateral condyle. The posterolateral stability of the knee was evaluated mainly through examination varus instability of knee and external rotation range of leg. Results It was relatively isometric from the femoral attachment site of the popliteal tendon to the anatomical insertion of the popliterofibular ligment in the caput fibulae. The better isometric attachment site was from the anatomical caput fibulae attachment site to 8-10 mm in front of the anatomical femoral attachment site of the lateral collateral ligament. The average follow-up period was 14 months （12-24 months）. There was no varus knee instability in full extension. At 30° flexion, one-grade varus instability was found in 2. At 30° and 90° flexion, external rotation range increased by 6°in 3 cases, remained the same in 14 cases, and decreased in 1 case, all compared with the healthy side. Conclusion The method provided good stability for the knee and acquired satisfactory clinical results.