辽东山区现有柞蚕场的生态效益分析及可持续经营对策

Analysis of ecological benefits and countermeasures of sustainable management for present tussah forests in mountainous areas in Eastern Liaoning

文章通过对现有柞蚕场及停蚕后封育的柞树林现状调查，结果表明，现有部分柞蚕场沙化严重，主要表现在植被群落组成单一，柞木灌丛稀疏，层次结构不明显，缺乏草本、灌木层植物，植被覆盖度低，沙石裸露，有机质含量很少。杂木林和封育蚕场枯枝落叶生物量比正在放蚕的柞蚕场提高85．0％、3．5％和182．4％；枯枝落叶的持水量提高118．0％、51．7％和90．5％；柞蚕场封育后的林分土壤自然含水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量及最大含水量均高于放蚕的柞蚕场；毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度柞蚕场封育后的林分土壤明显高于柞蚕场；柞蚕场封育后的林分0-20cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮平均含量比正在放蚕的柞蚕场提高49．6％-116．5％，25．0％-100．0％，2．7％-38．4％，对柞蚕场生态效益、柞蚕生产过程以及柞蚕场遭到破坏的原因等方面进行分析，提出实现柞蚕场的可持续经营对策及建议。

In this paper, surveys on status regarding present tussah forests and closed Quercus mongolia stands were conducted. The results indicated that desertification of soils in some tussah forests aggravated seriously, which showed the single composition of vegetation communities, sparse shrubs of Quercus rnongolica, tmobvious structure of layers, deficient of herbaceous and shrub pla- nts, lower coverage of vegetation, barred sand and stones and lower contents of organic matter. Compared with present tussah forests, biomass of litter in broadleaved forests and closed tussah forests increased by 85.0%, 3.5% and 182.4% respectively; water holding capacity increased by 118.0%- 51.7% and 90.5% respectively. Natural water content, capillary water capacity, field water capacity, maximum water content, capillary and total porosity in soils of closed tussah forests were much higher than that of present tussah forests, and contents of organic matter total N and available N in 0 - 20cm soil layers were also increased by 49.6% - 116.5% ,25.0% - 100.0% and 2.7% - 38.4%. By analysis of ecological benefits, production process of tussali and causes of damaged tussah forests, cotmtenneasures and suggestions for sustainable management of tussah forests were put forth.