意大利《行政程序法》之内容与特征探析

The Study on Italian Administrative Procedure Law

意大利行政程序立法在第二次世界大战后就开始了。但是,其《行政程序法》直到1990年8月才由议会通过并开始实施。行政程序的终结、行政行为的动机、行政程序的责任、参与和被听取意见的权利、行政程序的简化、透明性和获取行政文件的权利等规定,构成了意大利《行政程序法》的主要内容。而只规定行政程序的基本特征、具有很强的操作和规范功能、较好地坚持了“兼顾论”原则、体现原则性和灵活性相结合的原则等,则体现了意大利《行政程序法》的主要特征。1990年的《行政程序法》在加大行政透明度、简化行政程序、加强对行政结果和行政管理的责任以及强化分权等行政改革方面发挥了巨大的作用。

The legislation of Italian Administrative Procedure Law began as early as before the World War II, but it was not passed by the parliament and did not go into effect until August 1990. The principal content of the act includes the ending of the administrative procedure, the motivation of the administrative decision, the obligations in administrative procedure, the rights of participation and being heard, the simplification and transparency of administrative procedure, the right of accessing to administrative documents, and so on. And it is characterised by only prescribing the basic characteristics of administrative procedure, being very operable and insisting on the principle of balancing interests, and so on. This act has great effect on Italian administrative reform in enhancing the transparency of administration, simplifying administrative procedure, emphasizing the obligation of administrative agencies and strengthening the separation of powers.