效率违约理论研究

On the Theory of Efficient Breach

效率违约理论是契约法经济分析的重要方面。效率违约理论的成立需要损害赔偿与实际履行等价以及违约人知悉被违约人的成本为条件。事实上,这些条件在现实生活和法律体系内无法实现。期望损害赔偿从来不能完全弥补被违约人的损失,契约法也不能在任何情况下将损害赔偿作为通常救济方式。更为关键的是,效率违约理论从性质上看是行为结果论的,它没有考虑到契约背后的允诺所承载的道德、团结、合作、鼓励专用投资以及动态效率等多元价值。因此,我国的契约法没有必要引入效率违约理论和制度。

The theory of efficient breach is very important in the economic analysis of contract law. The formation of the theory needs several conditions, which are the equivalence between damages and the implementation and the breacher＇ s knowing the cost of the breach. In fact, these conditions can＇ t be satisfied in the real world and legal system. The compersation never fills the loss of the breachees. Furthermore, due to the essence of consequentialism of efficient breach theory, the theory can＇ t appereeive the moral force of promise and the values of contract law, such as solidarity, cooperation, the encouragement of asset - specific investment, and dynamic efficiency. So the theory of efficient breach isn＇t feasible in China.