论Grice的理性哲学观

Rationality: The core of Grice's philosophy

Grice分析日常语言的真实意图在于寻求哲学问题的解决方法。虽然哲学分门别类,但统一于理性。理性、推理和理由三者紧密相关:理性是人类在推理过程中显现的能力;推理则指人类在言语和思维活动中产生命题的过程;理由既是推理的前提,又是推理的目标。理由包括相互关联的三种类型:解释性理由、证明性理由和个人理由。推理可分为实践推理和理论推理,分别对应于实践理性和理论理性,二者是一个统一体的两个方面。理性是实现哲学目标的出发点和解决哲学问题的途径。理性是Grice思想的核心,既贯穿于Grice哲学思想的各个方面,如意义理论和会话含意理论等,也在后格赖斯语用推理机制中有所体现。

Grice's real intention of language analysis aims at solutions to philosophical problems. He believes that philosophy is a unified whole despite its classification into sub-disciplines, which is motivated by rationality. Rationality is closely related to reasoning and reasons and it is the capacity manifest of reasoning. Reasoning refers to the occurrence or production of a chain of inferences in thought and in speech, and reasons are both the prerequisite and the goal of reasoning. Reasons can be further classified into explanatory, justificatory and personal reasons. Reasoning contains practical and alethic reasoning, corresponding respectively to practical and alethic rationality. Rationality, upon which realization of the philosophical goal is built and through which solutions are sought to philosophical problems, constitutes the core of Grice's philosophy. It underpins all aspects of Grice's theories such as his theory of meaning and conversational implicatures, and manifests itself in post-Gricean pragmatics.