从“雅言”到《秦腔》:无望的回乡——贾平凹长篇小说《秦腔》新论

From "Refined Speech" to Shaanxi Opera——A Hopeless Return to the Hometown

从“雅言”到“秦腔”,是乡土中国边缘化的写照。贾平凹的《秦腔》正表达了这种无望的精神回乡。回乡主题使日常生活琐事原生态成为《秦腔》的叙述主体。秦腔简谱和锣鼓经是《秦腔》重要的意义符号和形式符号,其隐喻含义是传统农耕文化。小说主要人物夏天智和夏天义表现了作为剧种的秦腔文化精魂和作为秦地文化的秦人性格。小说以疯子、阉割者作为叙述者,抛开了传统文化、父权文化桎梏,以这种“他者”视角的审视,使我们对传统农耕文化的思考获得了异质文化审视下全新的审美体验和文化冲击。

From ＂refined speech＂ to Shaanxi Opera, Jia Pingwa＇s novel is a portrayal of marginalized rural China. Jia＇s Shaanxi Opera expresses a hopeless spiritual return to the hometown. The them of returning home makes the trivial matters of daily life the main narrative subject of the novel. Shaanxi Opera＇s numbered musical notations and gong and drum scriptures are the important symbols of meaning and form, which imply the traditional agro-farming culture. The main characters like Xia Tianzhi and Xia Tianyi manifest the culture essence of the local opera and displays in themselves the striking character of the Shaanxi natives. The lunatic and the emasculated act as the narrators to examine the traditions with a peculiar perspective. This makes the reader rethink about the agro-farming culture and gain a completely new easthetic experience and cultural impingement.