超越功利主义与自由至上主义——阿马蒂亚·森的目的权利观

Beyond Utilitarianism and Libertarianism——Amartya Sen's Goal View of Right

权利是一个重要的观念。功利主义的“工具权利观”把权利视为实现效用的手段,而自由至上主义坚持独立于后果的“约束权利观”。1998年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者阿马蒂亚.森试图建立一种具有较大包容性的目的权利观,它结合了权利内在价值的考虑与结果推理的运用。

Right can be taken to be an important concept. Utilitarianism insists on the instrumental view of right that considers right as valuable instruments to achieve utility. Robert Nozick insists on the constraint view of right that takes the form of seeing right as independence of consequence. Amartya Sen, the Noble Prize winner of economics in 1998, tries to go beyond the instnanental view of right and the constrain view of right and provides a goal view of right which can be combined not only with intrinsic value, but also with relativity and agent sensitivity of moral assessment.