长沙地区奶牛养殖现状调查

The Investigation on Current Situation of Dairy Catttle Feeding in Changsha Region

为探明湖南奶牛养殖发展缓慢的原因,以促进湖南奶业的发展,对长沙地区主要奶牛场奶牛的产奶性能和饲料使用情况进行了调查.结果表明:1)季节对奶牛产奶量和乳成分有极显著影响,8月奶牛的产奶量降至最低;2)不同牛场间4～9月乳成分存在极显著差异,且测定月份和牛场对乳蛋白互作影响极显著;3)长沙奶牛粗饲料明显缺乏.据此,笔者提出了发展长沙(湖南)奶业的主要措施:1)立足本地资源,开发具有长沙(湖南)特色的奶牛饲料,如全株青贮饲料稻和整粒棉籽;2)采取综合措施缓解奶牛热应激;3)提高奶牛饲养管理水平.

To solve the problems of dairy cattle feeding in the region, the investigation on the milk performance and feeds of dairy cattle were conducted in Changsha dairy cattle farms. The results showed： l） Seasons affected milk components and milk yield significantly. The milk yield August decreased to the lowest level, owing to the heat stress. 2） There were variations in milk protein percent between different farms from Apr. to Sep.. Furthermore, both the month and cattle farms for measuring had great interaction effects in milk proteins. 3） Changsha area was lacking in high quality forages for dairy cows. Finally, three suggestions were presented： making full use of local feed sources, such as the whole rice crop silage and whole cottonseeds to meet with the dairy cows needs： alleviating heat stress of dairy cows under hot weather by synthetical methods： improving dairy cattle feeding and management level.