10个美国山核桃品种的引种研究初报

Introduction of ten Carya illionoensis cultivars

美国山核桃Carya illinoensis是世界重要的干果油料树种。为丰富国内良种资源，1999年从美国引种10个品种接穗。通过系统观测分析，以丰产性、坚果质量和叶片抗黑斑病Xanthomonas juglandis能力等3方面加权评分，初步筛选出7个丰产、优质和抗病的品种。5年生树上高接第3年全部结果，第5年产坚果3．8～6．2kg·株^-1，坚果易取整仁，出仁率为55％～60％，仁含脂肪719．4～761．3g·kg^-1、氨基酸（有17种）69．4～106．8g·kg^-1及丰富的矿质元素等；脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸≥90％，其中单不饱和脂肪酸比多不饱和脂肪酸高3．0～5．3倍（与油橄榄Olea europaea油相似），优于核桃Juglans sigillata油。筛选出的7个品种，可在云南中亚热带气候区域低海拔山地推广种植。

Carya illionoensis is an important species for dry fruits and oil in the world. To enrich resource of good cultivars in China, the cions of 10 cultivars were introduced from America and grafted on five-year-old trees in 1999. Through systematic observation and analysis of the yield, seed content of the nut, resistibility of the leaves to diseases, 7 cultivars were selected. All the trees fruited in the third year after grafted. The yield in the 5th year was 3.8 - 6.2 kg per tree. The whole kernel was easy to be taken out from the seed, and kernel content of the seed being 55% -60%. Fattiness content of the kernel was 719.4- 761.3 g·kg^-1 ; amino acid （including 17 kinds） content was 69.4- 106.8 g· kg^-1. The fruit also contained abundant mineral elements. The unsaturated fattiness content was over 90%. The odd unsaturated fattiness content was 3.0 - 5.3 times more than multi unsaturated fattiness content （similar to olive oil）. These 7 cuhivars were suggested to be planted in the low altitude mountains in warm sub-tropical region of Yunnan. [ Ch, 6 tab. 13 ref. ]