宁夏春小麦新种质资源配合力和杂种优势研究

Investigation on the Combining Ability and Heteroses of Spring Wheat New Germplasm in Ningxia

选用宁夏大面积推广种植的4个小麦品种,与近年来通过引种、远缘杂交、人工合成等途径引进创造的10个春小麦新种质资源,采用4×10不完全双列杂交方法配制40个杂交组合,研究供试材料主要农艺性状的配合力和杂种优势。结果表明小麦新资源的株高、主茎穗长、单株穗数、每穗小穗数的遗传以基因加性效应为主,这些性状的一般配合力与两亲平均值的相关系数较大。穗粒数、千粒重、单株产量的遗传以基因非加性效应为主,一般配合力与两亲各性状平均值的相关系数较小。株高、主茎穗长的广义遗传力(H2B)和狭义遗传力(H2N)较大,宜于早代选择。中亲优势测定结果表明,除主茎穗长、每穗小穗数的中亲优势为负向优势外,其余性状的平均中亲优势均呈正向优势。宁春39号、春节4号、04A810、04A812产量性状的一般配合力及杂种优势都较高,是理想的亲本材料,可在今后育种中重点利用。

In order to obtain excellent wheat genetic resources for wheat varieties , the combination ability and the genetic ability of the main agronomic characters of 4 high yield wheat cultivars from Ningxia and 10 wheat genetic resources were analyzed, by using 40 hybrid combinations from the 4×10 incompleted dialled. The results showed that plant height, spike length,panicles per plant, spikelets of per spike were mainly controlled by additive genes. Kernel number head, 1000-kernel weight,grain yield per plant was controlled by non- additive genes. The genetic abilities of plant height, spike length were higher, and these characters could be selected in the early generations. Ningchun 39,Chunjie 4, 04A810,04A812 had been proved to be ideal parents because of their high combination ability.