黑穗醋栗生物学特性与适生生态环境条件研究

Research on Biological Characteristics and Adaptable Ecological Environment Conditions of Ribes nigrum

对黑穗醋栗生物学特性和不同自然气候区的栽培观察研究表明，黑穗醋栗在陕北引种栽培，当年秋栽越冬需埋土防寒，2a生幼株越冬无冻害，并能正常开花结果。基生枝萌发力强，成龄株丛能萌发50个左右基生枝。根系密集，须根多，根系在土壤中分布较浅，大部分根系集中分布在10～45cm土层中，抗旱能力较弱。花期水肥缺乏易引起落花落果，营养生长期土壤含水率低于10％～15％时，生长停止，叶片日灼严重，冬季枝条生理缺水受冻干枯。结果枝组以2-4a生枝为主，5a生以上枝结果衰退。修剪幼龄株丛枝条采取短截；老龄株丛枝，即4a生以上枝采取疏除更新，基部1a生萌条应采取除萌适量保留修剪。不同自然生态环境下栽培观察结果，延安以南铜川以北，年降雨量500mm以上地区，为黑醋栗栽培最佳适生区。

Research and observation on the biological characteristics of Ribes nigrurn and it＇s behavior in different natural regions showed that two-year old Ribes nigrurn seedlings can withstand hardiness of winter safely and reproduce normally. The main biological characteristics is that base branch sprout strongly;about 50 base branches can sprout out from every muture clump; the root system is densi- rive, fibre root is developed, most part of roots distribute in the soil layer 10-45 cm deep and the drought-resisting ability is not so strong. Lack of water and fertilizer during flowering period can cause dropping of flower and fruit. When the soil moisture content bellow 10 % -15 % during vegetative growth period, the stump will stop growing, the leaf slades will be sun-burnt seriously and the shoots will be deficient of water physiologically. 2- 4-year-old shoots are the main yielding shoots of the yielding shoot group. The yielding ability of the shoot over five-year- old dehraded. As for the pruning technology,the shoots of the younger stump should be cut shoutly;the shoots over 4-year-old should be renewed by means of thinning cut; the 1-year-old shoots should be kept properly by means of cultivation and observation under different natural and ecological environment showed also that the areas where is south to Yan＇an and north to Tongchuan,with more than 500 mm annual precipitation are the best suitable areas for Ribes nigrurn coltivation.