白菜型油菜杂种优势利用进展

Advances of Heterosis Utilization in Brassica compestris L.

对当前国内外白菜型油菜杂种优势利用的主要途径进行了概述,简要对天然杂交种、自交系杂交种,自交不亲和系杂交种、细胞核雄性不育杂交种、细胞质雄性不育杂交种等5种杂交优势利用途径的实践及其相关的基础理论研究、主要育成品种以及各途径的育种优势及缺陷进行了全面的论述,并对甘蓝型油菜细胞核+细胞质的新型育种手段进行了简述,以期为白菜型油菜的杂种优势利用提供可能的新途径。本文还对白菜型油菜育种工作的开展进行了简要的分析,总结出今后白菜型油菜杂种优势利用应综合利用现有的杂交途径;充分利用我国丰富的地方品种资源及野生资源,积极引进国外资源,丰富遗传资源;加强基础研究,为雄性不育的利用提供依据和思路。

The advances of heterosis utilization of chance hybrids, hand emasculation, pollination hybrids, self-incompatible hybrids, genetic male sterile （GMS） and cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） hebrids in Brassica compestris L. were comprehensively summarized in this paper which included practical utilization, advantage and limitation of methods involved, related basic research and new breeding varieties. At the same time, genetic＋ cytoplasmic breeding on Brassica napus L. was briefly evaluated in order to provide a possible way in utilization of hybrid vigor in Brassica cornpestris L. In addition, through analysis on practical performance of breeding in Brassica compestris L. , the experience of heterosis utilization in Brassica compestris L. were summarized as follows： ①Try to comprehensively use crossbreed ways at present. ②Make the best use of abundant locally variety resources and natural resources. ③Actively introduce biotic resource abroad to enrich genetic biotic resource of our country. ④Enhance fundamental researches to provide basis in theory for male sterility.