普请与参禅——论马祖洪州禅“作用即性”的生活实践

Puqing and Thorough Acquisition of Chan Buddhism: Practice of "Function and Activities Being the Nature" in Mazu's Hongzhou Sect of Chan Buddhism

中唐马祖道一为代表的洪州禅提倡的“作用即性”的思想,一方面因其将“弹指动目”等行为视为“佛性”的体现而受到石头禅系的批评;另一方面在肯定日用生活的神圣性之时,解释了洪州禅乃至整个南宗禅劳动实践的佛学意义。百丈怀海建立禅门规式,其中的“普请法”便是“作用即性”思想的产物。在普请的劳动实践中完成禅理的参究,是洪州禅的一大特色,并影响到禅门其他宗派。

The idea of ＂function and activities being the nature＂ by Mazu Daoyi of Hongzhou Sect of Chan Buddhism in the mid-Tang period is, on one hand, regarded as the embodiment of ＂the nature of Buddhism＂ for its activities such as ＂using hands and eyes. ＂ On the other hand, it explains the significance of Buddhism in Hongzhou sect and even the whole Nanzong sect of Chan Buddhism as it praises the holiness of everyday activities. Later, Baizhang Huaihai established rules and regulations for the Chan Buddhism, and ＂the principle of puqing＂ is the product of the idea of ＂function and activities being the nature. ＂ One of the characteristics of Hongzhou sect is to achieve thorough acquisition of Chan Buddhism in the practice of labor, the so-call puqing, which affects other sects of Chan Buddhism and other schools of Buddhism.