论主体间性道德教育对传统和现代道德教育的超越

On Surpassing of Intersubjective Moral Education over Tradition and Modern Moral Education

传统道德教育由于受二元对立思维模式的影响,学生被看做是教育的对象,是被认识的客体,它忽视了学生的主体能动性和个体生命性。现代道德教育则又矫枉过正,学生被置于中心地位,教师则保持价值中立,它由于过分强调学生的自主权利,而忽视了教师的价值引导作用。不论是传统道德教育还是现代道德教育都忽视了道德教育主体之间的关系和互动作用。而主体间性道德教育就是建立在关系思维中的道德教育,它强调教师与学生之间的相互作用、相互影响,注重师生间的理解和对话。主体间性道德教育既是对传统道德教育的扬弃,又是对现代道德教育的留守和超越,具体表现为:从以“知识”为本到以“人”为本;从对象性活动到交往活动;从个人主体性到类主体性。

Affected by the mode of subject-object in natural science, in the traditional moral education areas, the teacher is the subject, while the student is the object being recognized and educated. This type of moral education can just cultivate some people without independency and reliability because it ignores the students＇ subjectivity and individual personality. While the modern moral education goes to another extremes and it changes the center of the teacher into the students so that the moral education overemphasizes the students＇ right and weakens the teachers＇ role in leading for the right idea of value. Intersubjective moral education is built from the view of relations, which emphasizes the interaction including understanding and dialogue between teachers and students. Intersubjective moral education surpasses traditional moral education and modern moral education with these characteristics： from the knowledge-base to human-base, from objectionalized action to communication action, from individual subjectivity to human subjectivity.