基于RS与GIS的封育植被景观镶嵌结构研究——以皇甫川流域五分地沟试验区为例

Mosaic Structure for Closely Cultivated Vegetation Landscape Using GIS and RS——Taking Wufendigou Experimental Area in Huangfuchuan Basin as an Example

以皇甫川流域五分地沟试验区为背景,以RS和GIS为技术手段,运用多样性指数、优势度、均匀度、破碎度、分离度等指标研究其景观镶嵌结构的数量特征。运用分形理论和相关数量化方法建立各种景观类型形态的分形结构模型,以分维数为依据分析各种景观形态的复杂性。结果表明:(1)草原景观在其斑块数和面积上虽然仍居首要地位,但其优势并不十分明显,而且该区原生植被本氏针茅草原只占很小的比重,呈现出非常明显的人类干扰特征;(2)研究区斑块的多样性程度和均匀度较高,而面积的多样性程度和均匀度较低,同时,典型草原的景观破碎度最大,景观分离度也最大;(3)景观形态上,人工乔木林和耕地的景观形态最为简单,典型草原和人工灌丛这2种景观类型还处于很不稳定的阶段。可以认为,由于研究区的人为干扰比较大,景观结构还不尽合理,因而其原生植被景观的恢复还需要一段较长的时期。

Based on the applications of GIS and RS and the indices such as diversity, dominance, evenness, fragmentation, isolation, etc., the landscape mosaic structure of Wufendigou experimental area in Huangfuchuan basin was studied. In terms of fractal dimension, the complexity of all landscape types was analyzed by constructing the fractal structure model of all landscape types and through using fractal theory and concerned quantitative methods. The steppe landscape is dominant but not apparent in its patch and area, and the percentage of the original vegetation of Stipa bungeana steppe is very low in the study area, which is apparently characterized by human disturbance. The diversity and evenness of patches in the study area are higher than those of the steppe landscape area, and the fragmentation and the isolation of the steppe are the highest. The landscape shapes of artificial arbor woods and cultivated lands are the simplest, and the landscape shapes of classical steppe and artificial shrub are in an instable stage. From above results, we can conclude that it will spend a long time to restore original vegetation in the study area because of the strong disturbance and the unreasonable landscape structure.