解磷菌剂对作物生长和土壤磷素的影响

Effects of Phosphate Liberation Bacteria on Crop Growth and Phosphate in Soil

利用课题组自行分离筛选的B2和B67解磷菌株研制的菌剂，在盆栽和大田试验过程中，菌剂在增加作物产量的同时，有提高土壤速效磷含量、培肥土壤的作用，而且是菌剂和化肥配合施用效果显著。施用了解磷菌剂或菌剂和化肥配合施用后，盆栽玉米的株高、鲜重和干重，较CK增加15．2％～89．2％，玉米单株吸养量较CK增加20％～146％；青菜的鲜重、干重和生物量较CK增加15．8％～41．6％，和CK比较差异显著；小麦的株高、有效小穗数、穗粒数、粒重以及生物量也较CK差异显著，大田试验的几种作物也有不同程度的增产。另外B2和B67接种到山西省典型土壤中，土壤速效磷含量较CK增加1．35～3．04倍，且发现其溶磷效果和土壤磷酸酶活性与有效活菌数相关，解磷菌剂在提高土壤速效磷含量的同时，也有提高土壤速效钾含量的作用。

Application of bacteria, which were named as B2 and B67 isolated by the authors, could enhance crop yield and quality. The content of available phosphate and fertility of soil were improved, especially along with chemical fertilizer. Height, fresh weight and dry weight of maize were increased to 15.2 % - 89.2 % respectively, by combination of phosphate liberation bacteria with chemical fertilizer relatively to control. The nutrient accumulation per plant was increasedto 20 % - 146% compared with control. The fresh weight, dry weight and biomass of Chinese cabbage were increased to 15.8%-41.6% by phosphate liberation bacteria with chemical fertilizer compared with those of control. Height, grain number per ear, grain weight per ear and biomass of wheat were significant enhanced by combination of phosphate liberation bacteria with chemical fertilizer. Field experiment demonstrated that combination of phosphate liberation bacteria with chemical fertilizer promoted yield production for a few crops. When bacteria B2 and B67 were incubated to Shanxi typical soil types, available phosphate was enhanced and was roughly 1.35-3.04 times of that in control soil sample. Also it was found that phosphate lyolysis was positively related to available number of bacteria and phosphatase activity in soil. Phosphate liberation bacteria improved both available phosphate and available potassium in the soil.