中国生态赤字核算与分析

The Accounting of Ecological Deficits in China and the Corresponding Analysis

生态赤字是一国消费所需的生物生产型土地面积超出该国生态承载力范围内可提供的生态足迹量形成的。通过对1991～2003年中国生态赤字的核算与分析,结果表明:我国人均赤字0.5076～0.7246ha,对资源和环境造成了巨大压力;赤字的65.08%～86.42%是靠耗竭资源、尤其是能源来平衡;环境污染占赤字的比例达11.06%～31.62%;进出口仅占1.15%～5.73%;从1996年开始,我国在初级产品和能源产品贸易中的净输入足迹由赤字转变为盈余,有利于保护国内资源存量。

Ecological deficit appears since the biologically productive area demanded by consumption exceeds the ecological footprints supplied by a country within its ecological capacity. This paper, through accounting and analysis of China＇s ecological deficits from 1991 to 2003, concludes the following： （1）the ecological deficit per capita is 0.5076 to 0.7246 hectare, which exerts enormous pressure upon resources and environment; （2）about 65.08% to 86.42% of the deficit is balanced by exhaustion of resources,especially energy;（3）11.06% to 31.62% are for environmental pollution; （4）only 1.15% to 5.73% is from import and export; （5）since 1996, the net input of footprints in the trade of primary products and energy products had been turning from deficit to surplus, which benefits the conservation of domestic natural resource.