中老年人听力损失相关因素研究

A study on factors influencing the hearing of senior people

目的探讨影响中老年听力损失的相关因素。方法随机抽取太原市两个社区的50岁以上中老年人415例(男200例,女215例),采用LK-1助听评估仪分别测两耳0.5kHz、1kHz、2kHz、3kHz听阈;查12小时空腹血糖、甘油三脂和总胆固醇;取听力较好耳0.5kHz、1kHz、2kHz的平均值作为平均听阈,分别以平均听阈及3kHz听阈作为应变量,采用SPSS13.0进行t检验,方差分析,累加Logistic模型回归分析及非条件Logistic回归分析。结果①单因素结果显示,文化(F=12.621,P=0.000)、收入(F=5.896,P=0.001)、血糖(t=-2.201,P=0.028)、胆固醇(t=3.319,P=0.002)与平均听阈相关;文化(F=3.988,P=0.003)、收入(F=2.815,P=0.039)、年龄组(F=5.809,P=0.001)、胆固醇(t=3.761,P=0.000)与3kHz听阈相关;②累加Logistic模型回归显示,文化与平均听阈有关,其中文盲、小学、初中、高中与大学组相比,听力损失较严重,OR及95%CI分别为12.9(1.33～3.78)、5.79(0.64～2.86)、4.31(0.58～2.33)、2.92(0.26～1.88);非条件Logistic回归显示高文化程度(OR=0.551)、高年龄(OR=0.458)是3kHz听力损失的保护因素,高胆固醇(OR=19.147)是3kHz听力损失的危险因素,年龄与胆固醇相乘模型的交互作用有统计学意义。结论文化、年龄、血糖、胆固醇与听力损失有关,预防高血糖、高血脂的发生对延缓听力损失,提高中老年人的生活质量有现实意义。

Objective To study the factors influencing the hearing of senior people.Methods Two comminutes were sampled randomly in Taiyuan city. 415 persons above 50-year old were sampled, including 200 men and 215 women. All of them were tested with binaural hearing, respectively at 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 3 kHz and for blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterin after 12 hours limosis. The statistic analysis was carried out to analyze the results. Results Culture,income, blood sugar and cholesterin were found to be related to the average hearing threshold, while culture ,income, age group and cholesterin rised to the average hearing threshold at 3 kHz.The regression analysis showed that the culture was a protect factor for average hearing threshold, and culture ,age and cholesterin were the factors related to 3 kHz. Conclusion Culture, ages, blood sugar and cholesterin had the relationship with hearing loss in senior people. Preventing the hyperblood sugar and Hyperlipidemia could reduce hearing loss and improve the quality of life for the senior people.