马克思“三论”与制度变迁——一个有关中国转轨过程的理论分析框架

Marx’s Theoretical Classics and Evolution of Chinese Social System——A Framework of Historical Analysis of China in the Course of Social Transformation

马克思“三论”即价值论、拜物教理论及历史演进论构成了马克思制度变迁理论的核心内容。价值论的本质是一整套的社会生产关系,是所有制结构条件下双方或多方缔结的合约结构,制度变迁则是合利益取向和价值取向于一体的合约选择与合约替代。拜物教理论从资本逻辑、利益集团和社会意识形态偏好等角度考察了异化或物化对组织演进和制度变迁的关键影响。马克思的历史演进论则从历史视角揭示了制度变迁的动力结构和演化机制。我们有必要从马克思“三论”中汲取有益的理论资源和思想资源,把生产方式的历史演进理论、交易成本理论和博弈论结合起来,实现马克思经济学的创造性转换,以便为中国的经济转型提供逻辑自洽的理论解释和有效而又科学的政策建议。

The three theories of Marx＇ s refer to his theory of value, of material worship and of historical evolution, which form the core of his theory of evolution of social system. Each of these theories deals with some particular factors which affect evolution of the system of human society： the essence of the theory of value is a wholesome variety of productive relations; the theory of material worship examines the key influence of alienation and materialization on evolution of social organization and social system; and his theory of historical evolution reveals the dynamic structure and evolutionary mechanism in the course of the evolution of social system. Today, it is necessary to absorb those good theoretical and ideological resources from Marx＇s theories to provide logical, effective and scientific proposals for the transformation of China＇s economy.