论理性主义与希腊罗马史学观念之嬗变

Rationalism and Evolution of Historiographical Conception in Ancient Rome and Greece

古希腊的理性主义世界观和方法论对希腊罗马的历史观产生了重要影响,实质主义和形而上学的方法论是这一历史观的突出特征。西方史学家在希腊罗马时代就把历史看做是具有理性的实践活动,排斥否定神灵对人事的影响,从而树立起人文主义的历史观。希腊哲学是基督教思想的来源之一,与基督教史学也有着密切联系。西方近现代史学最突出的特征就在于打破理性主义哲学对历史学的桎梏,并努力用辩证的方法将史论两者有机地统一起来。

Retionalistic world view and methodology of ancient Greece had significant influence on the historical view in times of Greece and Rome, whose prominent characteristics were essentialism and metaphysical methodology. As early as Greek and Roman days, western historians took history as rational practice, neglecting the deistic intervetion with human practice and establishing a humanistic view if history. Since Greek philosophy was an important source of Christian Church, Greek historiography was later to be replaced by Christian historiography. Thus the most prominent feature of western modern historiography is to break away from the shackles of rationalistic philosophy and to organically combine history and historiography by means of dialectics.