论《红楼梦》的道教信仰风俗

On Taoist Worship and Convention in the Dream in Red Mansions

道教的消灾祈祥法术在文学巨著《红楼梦》中得到了充分的展现:在贾府,无论主子或奴婢,有的佩戴护身符欲消灾避祸,“仙寿恒昌”;有的炼丹烧汞欲升为神仙;有的打醮设道场欲解除冤孽;有的作法欲诅咒他人等。然而,那些欲消灾者病缠身,欲成仙者命早亡,欲害人者先害己,落了个烟消云散的悲惨结局,无不笼罩着浓重的“悲凉之雾”。撩起悲凉的雾纱,可以窥探出曹雪芹无望找到“补天”良策的苦闷彷徨心情。曲曲悲歌实际是曹雪芹对道教信仰法术进行否定的形象化的“宣泄和标示”。

Being a great literary work, the Dream in Red Mansions offers a full picture of Taoist rituals to remove disaster and bless for luckiness. Both masters and maidservants in the Jia Mansions had amilets on or made immortal pills to turn fairy or practiced religious services or wished others evil by religious practice. However, those who wished luckiness were caught by illness, those who widshed＇to turn fairy died young, those who swore others evil harmed themselves. Removing the sorrowful and deserted atmosphere, we can detect Cao Xueqin＇s pain and helplessness for failing to find a way out. Thus those sorrowful songs of Cao＇s were actually his imaginative ＂explosion and indication＂ to negate Taoist worship and rituals.