论《汉书·艺文志》的图书分类

On the classification of Han dynasty book records

历史形成的学术分类思想、王官之学的影响、现实的学术状况及学术的兴替变化,都影响到《汉书.艺文志》的图书分类。《汉书.艺文志》体现了刘向、班固等学者对当时学术存在的认识,具有相当的理论高度。对于《诸子略》的分类,梁启超、胡适等说纵横、农、杂三家"绝无哲理上根据"是不足为训的。刘、班时代史籍未能独立为类、史书入《春秋》类、史籍入《书》类,都反应了当时史学意识尚未十分明晰;而《小说》类与史书分离,又说明当时史学意识已开始萌芽,认识到了实录是史书的根本特征。阮孝绪《七录序》以为"史书太少,不足以为类"的观点是不全面的。研究将古代目录学著作是否将史部独立为类,划分为《七略》分类系统和四库分类系统。阮孝绪《七录》与王俭《七志》的根本区别,就在于前者体现了史部的独立,属于四库分类系统;而后者仍属于《七略》分类系统。

There are several elements affecting the classification of Han Dynasty Book Records： the former ideas of academic classification, the practical knowledge and the academic value of each one, the classification, an inheritance and the result of the classification of learning. The fact that Han Dynasty Book Records that differ novels from history books shows that the history was still not an independent science and that the realization of it began to appear at that time so as to realize the basic characteristic of it practical recording. The bibliography works can be classified into the two systems of Seven Lue and Four Stocks according to whether the history was an independent subject. The fundamental difference between Seven Lu by Ruan Xiaoxu and Seven Records by Wang Jian lies in that fact that the former reflected the independence of the history belonging to the system of Four Stocks, while the latter still belongs to that of Seven Lue.