高考招生:从无区别对待到参与平等——对录取分数地区(民族)差异的宪法考量

College Enrollment:From Equal Treatment to Equal Participation——Consideration about the Differences in the Grades in Different Regions (Nationalities)from the Perspective of Constitutution

高考招生的无区别对待,即确立一个中立标准———考试分数来决定学生是否录取,虽然能够根除故意歧视,但不能消除事实歧视。而以消除事实歧视为目的的补偿平等、优先录取,只是特殊情况下采取的特殊措施,不具有普遍意义。高考招生平等保障,应是与正义社会相契合的参与平等,社会各基本派系(如民族、地域)都应有适当比例的合格考生接受高等教育。这意味着,当无区别对待招生损害了正义社会的基本要求,民族、地域因素在高考招生中就发挥重要的作用。

The equal treatment in college enrollment is to set up a neutral standard, the grades, to decide whether to accept the students or not. Although the intentional discrimination can be eliminated, the factual discrimination cannot be driven away. In order to eliminate the factual discrimination, the compensation equality and the prior enrollment are the special measures taken in special situations and are not widely significant. The guarantee of equality in the enrollment should be the equal participation that is consistent with justice society. There should be proportional number of qualified candidates from all basic parties （e. g. nationalities or regions） being enrolled to get higher education. This means when equal treatment enrollment violates the basic requirement of justice society, the factors such as nationalities or regions will play an importance role in the college enrollment.