摘要
学界通常认为康德是一个极端报应论者,但实际上康德并不否认惩罚的功利价值,只是主张公正是惩罚正当性的首要根据,认为惩罚是国家的完全义务,与罪行相适应的惩罚是比例惩罚,被惩罚的主体应是责任主体。康德对赦免权利、死刑、善良违法和比例惩罚等问题的认识有自相矛盾之嫌。鉴于经验的复杂性,康德没有构建一个惩罚理论。马克思对康德的惩罚思想进行了批判,康德报应论的症结在于片面追求惩罚的形式正义,忽视了实质正义。
Kant is usually considered to be the philosopher whose view on punishment most exemplifies retributivism. Kant argues that desert is the primary justification of punishment and while utility may serve as secondary justification of punishment. Kant sees punishment as the state＇s perfect duty. The appropriate punishment is that punishment should always be proportional to the offenses. The punishable subjects should be the persons responsible. Kant＇s views of the right to pardon, capital punishment, civil disobedience and proportional punishment are inconsistent. Because of empirical diversity, Kant does not construct a theory of punishment. Marx criticizes Kant＇s thought on punishment which goes exclusively after formal justice and overlooks substantive justice.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第5期166-175,共10页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
康德
惩罚
报应主义
Kant
Punishment
Retributivism
