模仿的认知基础及其对外语教学的启示

The Cognitive Foundation of Imitation and Its Implication to Foreign Language Teaching

心理语言学和认知科学中的模仿不是简单的机械重复,而是一种复杂的心理活动和心理过程,其理论是刺激—反应论或强化理论。模仿的认知基础是建构主义和记忆心理学。在母语习得中,模仿是一种选择性模仿。在二语习得中,模仿表现为一种认知处理过程。这种认知处理表现为在工作记忆和长时记忆中分配认知资源,经过一系列的认知处理,从而使模仿输出成为可能。模仿的内容涉及到语音、构词、语句生成和语法等外语学习的各方面。模仿在外语教学中占有重要地位。

In the eyes of psycholinguistics and cognition science, imitation, with the theoretical base of stimulus-Response Theory or reinforcement theory, is not simple and single repletion, but a complex mental action and course. The cognition foundation of imitation is constructivism and memorial psychology. In first language acquisition, imitation is optional. In second language acquisition, imitation is a cognition processing course, which allocates cognition resource among working memory and long time memory, and makes it possible for imitation output after a series of cognition processing. Imitation involves aspects of pronunciation, word-formation, sentence-generation and grammar in foreign language learning. Imitation, therefore, plays an important role in foreign language teaching.