大气污染与小学生因病缺课和肺通气功能、非特异免疫功能关系研究

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP AMONG AIR POLLUTION AND ILLNESS-INDUCED ABSENCE、PULMONARY VENTILATION FUNCTION、NON-SPECIAL IMMUNITY OF PUPILS

目的：探讨大气污染对小学生因病缺课、肺通气功能、非特异免疫功能的影响及其相互关系。方法：在唐山市工业区、清洁区、商业区、交通区共选取1332名小学生为研究对象，进行因病缺课率、肺通气功能、非特异免疫功能的问卷调查和测定。结果：在均衡了4区小学生的个人生理因素、家庭因素和室内空气污染因素后，工业区、商业区、交通区、清洁区因病缺课率分别为32．6％、30．2％、40．1％、24．8％（P〈0．01）；工业区小学生VC、FVC、FEV的异常率、商业区小学生FEV的异常率、交通区小学生FVC、FEV的异常率均高于清洁区（P〈0．05）。SIgA水平高于清洁区（P〈0．05），唾液溶菌酶差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；相关分析显示因病缺课与MVV、VC、FVC、FEV负相关（P〈0.05，或P〈0．01），与大气污染程度、SIgA正相关（P〈0．01），溶菌酶和MVV、VC、FEV正相关，和V25、V50、V75、V25～75负相关；SlgA和MVV、FEV正相关，和V25、V50、V75、V25～75负相关。结论：大气污染可使小学生因病缺课率增加、肺通气功能受损、SIgA水平升高；因病缺课率与大气污染、肺通气功能、SIgA存在密切关系（P〈0．05）。

Objective： To explore the effect of air pollution on pupil＇s illness-induced absence, pulmonary ventilation function, non-special immunity and relationship. Methods： 1332 subjects, who reside in industrial area, clean area, sowntown and near traffic center respectively, were chosen. Pulmonary functional test and non - special immunity were measured and questionnaires were conducted. Results： After individual physiology factors and indoor air pollution were halanled, it was found that the illnessinduced absence rates were increasing with the increase of air pollution in their resident area, abnormal rate of vital capacity （VC）, forced vital capacity （FVC）, forced expiratory volume （FEV） of pupils resided in industrial area and the rate of FEV of pupils resided in sowntown and the rate of FCV, FEV of pupils resided near traffic center were higher than that of pupil resided in clean area and the differences were significant. The content of SIgA of pupil＇s saliva were increasing with the increment of air pollution in their resident area, but the saliva lysozyme of pupils in four areas were not different （P〉0.05）. Correlated analysis shows that the illness- induced absence was negatively correlated with MVV, VC, FVC, FEV and positively oorrelated with SIgA; The lysozyme was positively corrdated with MVV, VC, FEV and negatively correlated with V25, V50, V75, V25-75; SIgA was positively correlated with MW, FEV and negatively correlated with V25, V50, V75, V25-75. Conclusion： The air pollution increased pupil＇s illness - induced absence rates and injure their pulmonary ventilation to some degree, as well as increase the content of SIgA of pupil, the illness- induced absence rates were correlated with the air pollution increment in their resident area, pulmonary ventilation function and non - special immunity.