民国时期科尔沁的垦殖与土地利用特征

Cultivation of Wasteland and Land Use Characteristics of Horqin in the Republic Time of China

运用统计分析法和历史文献法,以耕地面积变化为切入点,分析科尔沁沙地在民国时期的垦殖过程及其土地利用特征.结果表明,民国时期科尔沁的垦殖主要集中在清末已放未垦的范围之内,零散、混乱的民垦是当时的垦殖主流,也是该时期研究区土地利用的主要特征.混乱的开垦虽然没有使科尔沁农耕北界明显北跃,但由于近半个世纪垦殖活动的积累作用,科尔沁水土条件相对肥沃的可耕土地基本都得到了开发.

The Horqin dene locates in the middle east of agro-pastoral transitional zone which is in the north of China. With the aid of the statistical analytic method and the historical literature law ,the cultivated land change as the breakthrough point,the space-time course of land use change and its characteristics in the Republic time of China were analyzed. The results showed that the reorganization of the wasteland which has not been cultivated had beenput to the main issue of Mongolian reclamation,the cultivation concentrates on the area which the government has marked out to be cultivated but not been in the end period of Qing Dynasty while the scattered cultivation By the common people was the main part of it in the Republic time of China; the scattered civilian cultivation had not made the area of cultivation enlarged, and the north part of this area was one of the most obvious parts which had changed before because of the rapid increase of cultivated land; by the end of the Republic time of China it has been completed the cultivation to the suitable land in terms of the water and soil condition besides those sandy wastelands not suitable to cultivate.