论古代新疆屯垦的经济意义

On Economic Meaning of Stationing Troops to Open up Wasteland in Xinjiang

屯垦是中国历代政府用以巩固国防、开发边疆的重要国策。新疆屯垦规模大、持续时间长、影响久远,堪称我国古代屯垦的典范。迄今为止,新疆屯垦已历经两千余年,尤以西汉、唐、清三代为最盛。由于地处偏远,交通运输多有不便,军队就地屯田,且战且耕,从而为戍边军队提供了可靠的后勤保障。同时,屯垦所产生的“溢出效应”,对纾解民困和开发边疆也有积极作用。屯垦还有效地保障了“丝绸之路”的畅通,促进了中西交流以及新疆经济的繁荣,对促进新疆地区生产方式的改进具有不可低估的经济意义。

Stationing troops to open up wasteland is an important national policy in China＇s history for fortifying national defense and opening up remote border areas. Stationing troops and opening up wasteland in Xinjiang can be regarded as a model in ancient China because of its large scale, long time and wide influence. The policy of stationing troop to opening up wasteland in Xinjiang has lasted for over two thousand years so far and it was especially prosperous in west Han, Tang and Qing dynasty. Because the troops were stationed in remote areas and the transportation was not convenient, they settled there and opened up wasteland. The policy provided logistic guarantee to fortifying troops and it released poverty and difficulty of life there, at the same time, it ensured unimpeded pass of the silk road, facilitated the communication between the middle and west area and the prosperity of Xinjiang economy. Opening up wasteland in Xinjiang by stationed troops enhanced the improvement of the mode of production in Xinjiang and it had significant economic meaning.