船载炮的射击误差分析及消除方法

Analysis and Elimination of Errors for Ship-based Cannon Firing

基于船舶在海浪中运动模型,结合炮兵射击学原理,研究了船舶摇摆导致火炮基座运动以及杆臂效应导致子惯导初始对准误差等因素对火炮射击的影响,分析了传递对准消除对准误差角的效果。仿真表明,低射界射击情况下,纵摇和横摇对射击距离的影响随射程增大而减小;对射击方向而言,纵摇的影响随射程增大而减小,而横摇的影响则随射程增大而增大;由安装偏差所造成的杆臂效应产生的误差角对射击的影响也很明显,其影响随船舶振荡运动的幅度的增加而增大;采用基于卡尔曼滤波的传递对准能快速消除船载炮初始对准角误差,从而提高火炮初始装定射角的准确性。

This paper investigates the effects of ship motion on ship-based cannon firing in terms of dynamics of ship motion and artillery shoot theory, including effects of canon base motion due to ship sway and alignment error from lever-arm effect. A novel approach based on transfer alignment is analyzed to eliminate alignment error. The simulation result shows that the influence of roll and pitch on shoot distance decreases with the increasing of shoot range, error of direction increases with roll increasing while decreases with pitch increasing. It also shows significant influence of slave inertial navigation system owing to lever-arm effect, especially with the increasing of ship sway. Moreover, a transfer alignment based on Kalman filter is used to eliminate rapidly the initial alignment error of ship-based cannon, which can improve the accuracy of the cannon＇s initial setting angle.