论我国犯罪构成体系的缺陷与完善

On the Drawback and Perfection of Chinese System of Constitution of Crime

由于犯罪构成体系是为刑事诉讼证明实践服务的,因此对于该体系是否存在缺陷以及如何进行完善,均应从刑事证明实践的视角出发。从证明对象上来看,我国犯罪客体属于多余要件,而违法性要件则为遗漏要件;从证明责任分配上来看,由于犯罪构成缺乏推定效力,导致证明责任分配的混乱。为此,在完善我国犯罪构成体系时,需要将违法性要件纳入犯罪客体并划分各要件之间的层次性,以恢复犯罪构成的推定效力,从而实现其对证明责任的合理分配。

When we judge if the system of constitution of crime is perfect and how to perfect it, we should do them from the angle of procedural proof practice, for the function of the criminal constitution is to provide a guide for procedural proof. From the angle of proof object, the object of crime is superfluous and the dement of illegality is left out in our constitution of crime; from the angle of burden of proof, the constitution of crime in our country lacks the presumption function, which leads to the confusion in the burden of proof. So we should bring the element of illegality into the constitution of crime to retrieve the presumption function of the constitution about crimes, and satisfy the requirements about the burden of proof.