论林则徐的官督商办思想

Probe into the Official-Controlling and Merchant-Running Thought of Lin Zexu

针对云南银铜矿因管理混乱而衰败不堪的弊端,林则徐经逐细访查,认真调研,主张放手让商民集资承办,官方只持有“督率之权”,即采取“官督商办”的经营管理模式,并从“宽铅禁”、“减浮费”、“严法令”、“杜伪诈”等方面阐述了从政策法规上对厂矿加以扶持、引导的措施以及协调、激励、甄别、审批、课税等管理办法,对官督商办的探索做出了开创性的贡献。林则徐的官督商办思想在20年后被李鸿章为代表的洋务派所践行和推广,成为民用企业的主流经营方式,反映了一种历史的必然。

Aiming at the decline of Yunnan silver and copper mine resulting from the poor management, after careful investigation and study, lin Zexu advocated that the ruling class should give the merchants a free hand in collecting funds and running business, whereas it should just exercise the supervisory power, namely, adopting the offcial-controlling and merchantrunning management and administration pattern. In addition, Lin Zexu elaborated that the ruling class should support the factories and mines not only through policies but also through laws and regulations. At the same time , Lin Zexu set forth measurements of guiding the merchants and management methods of coordinating, encouraging, discriminating, examining and approving, charging duty, etc., all of which contributes much to the probing into the official-controlling and merchant-running. It is Lin Zexu＇s oflqeial-eontrolling and merchant-running thought that was practiced and popularized by oflqeials advocating Westernization represented by Li Hongzhang after twenty years, which became the chief management pattern of the civilian enterprises, and reflected a historical necessity.