经济学中的效率评价标准评析

A review of the efficiency criteria in economics

新古典经济学将理想的帕累托最优作为衡量效率的标准,犯了将理想与现实进行比较的错误;新制度经济学采用比较制度方法,结果取消了效率评价的标准。以独立于经济过程的价值标准评价效率是前两者的共同特征。而以哈耶克为代表的奥地利经济学则将目光转向了经济制度结构,把最大限度地实现每一经济主体的目标作为经济效率的评价标准。

In the new classical economics, Pareto optimum is treated as the ideal criteria for assessing the efficiency of resource distribution, which mistakenly compares the ideal with the reality. In the new institutional economics the comparative system method is adopted, but in it the efficiency criteria are abandoned. Austrian eeonomics orients efficiency assessment to eeonomic institution, which requires all the members to achieve their individual ultimate goals.