城乡人力资本的投资差异及校正

The Difference and Revise of Human Capital Investment Between Cities and Countryside

人力资本是通过对人的投资而形成的资本，它是农业经济增长的源泉，而我国城乡居民1992-2004年人力资本投资的实际表明，在教育和医疗保健这两种重要的人力资本投资中，农村居民对文教娱乐的支出数量远低于同期城镇居民，农村居民人均医疗保健支出与城镇居民相比年均增长速度低了6．06％，两者出现逐渐明显扩大的趋势。根据内生增长理论，要加速发展农业，缩小城乡差距，必须通过政府的政策设计，加大对农村教育的投资，以提高农村人力资本的积累。

Human capital is the source of the agricultural economic growth formed through the investment to human. However the realistic data about human capital investment from 1992 to 2004 indicate that people in the cities spent more money on education and entertainment than people in the countryside, and the increasing rate of the medical care cost on per head per annum in countryside was far below the cost in cities about 6.06%. According to the in- ner increase theory, we must depend on the policy of the government and enhance the investment of education in the countryside so as to increase the accumulation of human capital investment, impel the agricultural development and shorten the gap between cities and countryside.