在“爱国”与“私利”之间——国民革命时期一例民族主义运动中的工商关系

Between“patriotism”and“private interest”——The case study of the relationships between labor and merchants in a Nationalistic Movement during the period of National Revolution

国民革命时期,“爱国”与“私利”的权衡始终左右着商人参与民族主义运动的持久程度。省港罢工伊始,粤商激于反帝爱国的民族情感,多能牺牲“私利”而积极参加对外经济抵制运动。然而,随着运动的开展,“私利”的严重受损驱使其对投资此次罢工的“风险和成本”重新审视。而“特许证”取消后,商人更以合作的姿态援助罢工。与上海五卅运动中短暂的“劳资同盟”相比,省港罢工中的“工商联合”却呈现出稳固、持久的特点。此种在阶级、民族利益博弈中形成的“工商联合”,不仅与中共民族主义运动统一战线策略的成熟、国民党“袒工抑商”的劳资政策关系密切,同时也与广州“工商合行”的行会传统及商人国民革命性的提高不无关联;更重要的是,罢工促进了经济发展,使商人深受其惠。正是“爱国”与“私利”的双重动因,共同谱奏着民族主义运动中工商关系绵延跌宕交响乐章的主题曲。

It was the weight of “patriotism” and “private interest” that always determined the endurance of merchants parriciparing in a nationalistic movement during the period of National Revolution. Owing to the anti - imperialistic and patriotic emotion, most of the merchants in Guangdong could sacrifice “private interest” to take positively part in the movement of externally economical boycott at the beginning of the GuangdongHongkong Strike. However, with the advance of the movement, heavy losses of “private interest” drove the merchants to examine closely again the ”risk and cost＇which they invested in the strike. When the “special permit” system was cancelled, the merchants showed great cooperation to aid the strike. In contrast to the “labor- capital alliance” in the May 30th Movement in Shanghai, the “labor- merchant alliance” appeared stable and lasting in the Guangdong- Hongkong Strike. The “labor- merchant alliance” formed in the weight of class interest and national interest, was not only con- nected closely with the mature tactics of the CCP＇s united front and the Kuomingtang＇ s labor policy of “helping labor and restraining merchant”, but also with the guild tradition of “labor and merchants living in one guild” in Guangzhou and the improvement of merchants＇ consciousness of the National Revolution. But it was most important that the strike promoted the development of economy from which benefit the merchants very deeply. It was the double motives of “patriotism” and “private interest” that play the theme song of symphony composed by the relationships between labor and merchants in a nationalistic movement.