论《孙子》兵法中的谋略心理

On Strategic Psychology in Sun Tsu

《孙子》是中国现存的最古老的兵书,也是世界上流传时间最久、范围最广、影响最大的兵学圣典。《孙子》中虽然从头至尾并未提到“心理”一词,但在整篇中却处处从不同层次、不同角度折射出谋略行为的心理问题,把谋略中的有关心理问题发挥到淋漓尽致的透彻境界。纵观《孙子》兵法十三篇,其谋略心理思想集中表现在五个方面上,即“不战而屈人之兵”的谋略心理战观念;“知己知彼,百战不殆”的谋略认知心理规律;“庙算而战”的谋略思维运筹思想;“权诈”与“诡道”的谋略战术心理方法;形成与应用抗争心理谋略的艺术性特点。

Sun Tsu, by far the oldest war book in China, is a world classic on the art of war for its longest history, widest influence. Though ＂psychology＂ is not mentioned in this book, Strategic Psychology is reflected from different aspects. There are five aspects showing strategic psychology through Chapter 13 ： supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy＇s resistance without fighting; know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat ; all war is based on deception ; craftiness and trickery; artistic features of development and application of strategic psychology of fighting.