上海市部分地区老年人营养与健康状况调查分析

Investigation on nutrition and health status of the elderly people in some districts of Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市老年人营养和健康状况。[方法]采用2002年全国营养调查上海地区资料,对老年人的营养与健康状况进行分析。[结果]老年人每人每天粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、水产类、奶类及其制品、干豆类、豆制品、食用油、盐的摄入量分别为381.36 g、394.86 g、133.24 g、140.49 g、146.65 g、114.04 g、1.75 g、28.93 g、50.17g和9.78 g,每人每天能量摄入量为2762 kcal,蛋白质、脂肪、视黄醇当量、维生素B1和维生素B2、维生素C、钙、铁的摄入量分别为101.58 g、105.21 g、794.69μg、1.23 mg、1.29 mg、100.02 mg、742.35 mg、30.76 mg;来自脂肪的能量超过了中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量和世界卫生组织推荐的30%的上限,优质蛋白质的比例超过1/3。老年人的营养不良率、超重率、肥胖率和向心性肥胖率分别为5.09%、35.33%、5.17%和17.43%;高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率分别为57.31%、68.13%、62.32%;血脂异常患病率为24.19%,其中低高密度脂蛋白血症、高三酰甘油血症、高胆固醇血症患病率和血胆固醇边缘升高率分别为7.23%、15.21%、7.46%、6.97%;糖尿病患病率为14.17%,空腹血糖受损率为2.18%。[结论]老年人营养缺乏和营养过剩并存,营养相关性慢性非传染性疾病的预防和控制迫在眉睫。

[ Objective] To know the nutritional and health status of the elderly people in three districts of Shanghai. [ Methods] The study was based on data collected in 2002 Shanghai nutrition survey. [ Results ] The average food intake per each elderly people per day was cereals 381.36g,vegetahle 394.86g,fruit 133.24g, meat 140.49g, seafood 146.65g, milk and its produces 114.04g, legumes and their products 1.75g and 28.93g, edible oil 50. 17g and table salt 9.78g respectively. The average nutrients intake per elderly people per day was energy 2762kcal, protein 101.58g, fat 105.21 g, retinol equivalent 794.69 μg, thiamine 1.23 mg, riboflavin 1.29 mg, ascorbic acid 100.02mg, calcium 742.35mg, iron 30.76mg respectively. The percentage of energy from fat exceeded 30% , the proportion of high quality protein exceeded 1/3. The prevalence of malnutrition of elderly people was 5.09%, overweight 35.33%, obesity 5.17% , centripetal obesity 17.43%. The prevalence of hypertension of elderly people was 57.31%, The rate of knowledge of having hypertension was 68.13%, the rate of taking hypertension treatment was 62.32%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in elderly people was 24.19 %. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 14.17%, impaired fasting glucose 2. 18%. [ Conclusion] Malnutrition and supernutrition coexist in the elderly people in Shanghai. Prevention and control of nutrition - related chronic non - communicable diseases is urgent.