上海市小羽藓属植物重金属含量及其与环境的关系

Heavy metals contents in Haplocladium and their relationships with Shanghai City environment.

应用原子吸收法对上海市13个样点的小羽藓植物体及相应土壤样品中的Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr5种重金属元素含量进行了测定．通过对植物体内含量的聚类分析，将13个样点按重金属污染程度的轻重分为3个组：1）污染严重点，包括桂林公园、复兴公园、光启公园3个样点，均位于市区交通繁忙地带，其小羽藓体内重金属含量分别为：Cu35．25—50．36mg·kg^-1、Pb55．50—65．00mg·kg^-1、cd 1．68—2．30mg·kg^-1、Zn829．63～1140．13mg·kg^-1、Cr7．41～16．41mg·kg^-1；2）污染点，包括长风公园、古钟园、中山公园、和平公园、上海师范大学徐汇校区5个样点，均位于市区近郊，小羽藓体内重金属含量分别为：Cu18．51-62．50mg·kg^-1、Pb14．38—34．25mg·kg^-1、Cd0．81-1．40mg·kg^-1、Zn354．25—671．75mg·kg^-1、Cr3．62—25．08mg·kg^-1；3）相对清洁点，包括佘山、大观园、罗泾、植物园、崇明东平国家森林公园5个样点，位于上海市远郊，小羽藓体内重金属含量分别为：Cu11．13-16．41mg·kg^-1、Pb4．63—27．25mg·kg^-1、Cd0．93-1．28mg·kg^-1、Zn489．25-1086．75mg·kg^-1、Cr1．53—7．62mg·kg^-1．结果表明，小羽藓属苔藓植物可作为监测上海地区环境重金属污染的良好指示植物．苔藓植物体内重金属含量水平与土壤重金属含量存在一定的相关性，而且也受其他因素的影响．

This paper measured the Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr contents in Haplocladium plants and corresponding soils at 13 monitoring sites of Shanghai City, and analyzed the relationships between plant heavy metals contents and environment. The results indicated that these 13 monitoring sites could be divided into three groups of different degree heavy metals pollution, i. e. , 1 ） seriously polluted, including Guilin, Guangqi, and Fuxing Park near the most heavy -traffic areas with intense pollution and disturbance, and the plant pollutants contents （mg ~ kg-1） being Cu 35.25 -50.36, Pb 55. 50 - 65. 00 , Cd 1.68 -2.3, Zn 829. 63 ~1 140. 13, and Cr7.41 -16.41,2） polluted, including Changfeng, Guzhong, Zhongshan, and Heping Park as well as the campus of Shanghai Normal University at Xuhui District in the outskirts with less heavy metals pollution, and the plant pollutants contents （ mg · kg^-1） being Cu 18.51 -62.50, Pb 14. 38 -34. 25, Cd 0. 81 - 1.40, Zn 354. 25 -671.75, and Cr 3.62 - 25.08, and 3） basically unpolluted, including Sheshan Mt. , Shanghai Botanic Garden, Chongming National Forest Park, Daguanyuan Park, and Luojing at the suburbs of Shanghai City, with the plant pollutants contents （ mg · kg^-1） being Cu 11.13 - 16. 41 , Pb 4. 63 -27.25, Cd 0. 93 - 1.28, Zn 489. 25 - 1 086.75, and Cr 1.53 - 7.62. The heavy metals contents in Haplocladium plants had some correlations with corresponding soils, and there were some other factors besides soil affecting the heavy metals contents in Haplocladium plants. It was suggested that bryophytes as biological indicators could be used to indicate the heavy metals pollution in Shanghai City.