广大公众参与保护区建设和管理的含义和途径

Implications and Approach of Participation of the Extensive Public in Construction and Management o,f Protected Areas

公众参与保护区的建设和管理是保护区事业的一项重要任务。本文拟就为什么要公众参与、谁应该参与、有哪些参与形式、如何争取参与、有哪些经验值得介绍和共管机制的形成等方面作简要论述,以供有关方面参考。我们认为仅仅依靠保护区管理人员自己远远不能满足保护区事业的要求,本地社区以及有关业务部门、地方政府、非政府组织、公私企业、科教部门、环保人士、旅游者等一系列利益攸关者应该参与,通过提供信息、共同决策、委托或承包全部或部分独立的工作等形式参与,利用各种有效形式如新闻媒体等积极争取参与。并建议保护区与地方政府合并为一体或成立管委会等有效方式形成共管机制。本文以广东车八岭保护区和巴基斯坦卡拉戈拉姆(Cebtral karakoram)国家公园为例阐明了这个问题。

Participation of the extensive public in construction and management of the protected area is an important affair of the protected area. In this article, as a reference, following problems： why the participation of the public is required？ Who should participate？ How many forms of participation？ How to strive the public to participate？ What experiences are valuable to introduce and how to construct the co-management mechanism were briefly stated. Then it was discussed that it was not able to satisfy requirements of affairs of the protected area only by the work of staff, so that the participation of local society, related business departments, the local government, NGO, private and public companies departments of science and education, persons of environmental protection and tourists was necessary, in forms of providing information, co-drafting policy, undertaking total or partial works and utilizing some efficient forms, such as news media. It was suggested that the protected area and the local government may combine into one entity or set up a committee for co-management. As examples, Chebaling protected area in Guangdong province and Cebtral Karakora National Park in Pakistan were introduced.