2[2]Jeanne L, Russell KP, Nessa C, et al. Guidelines for use of controlled-release oral morphine in cancer pain management [J]. Cancer Nursing, 1989, 12 (4):202-208.
3[3]Jeanne L, Raymond WH, Robert FK, et al. Cancer Pain Management with a Controlled-Release Oral Morphine Preparation[J]. Journall of Pam and Symptom Management, 1989,4(3) :146-151.
4王瑛译.癌症疼痛治疗临床实践指南[M].天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1997,1.4-6.
5Laval G, Sang B, Mallaret M, et al. New Level - 3 opioids of the world health organization[J ]. Rev Med Interne, 2002; 23 (1) : 55 - 70.
6Gourlay GK. Treatment of cancer pain with transdermal fentanyl[J] Lancet Oncol,2001 ;2(3) : 165- 172.