论高校学术权力的生成基础和生成策略

On the Generative Bases and Strategies of the Academic Rights of Higher Education

高校学术权力的生成基础可以归纳为五种:1.精神权威,即人们对现代大学的敬仰和信服,这是学术权力生成的精神基础;2.法制权威,即法律法规赋予的职权,这是学术权力生成的法制基础;3.专家权威,即指专家的学术地位和声望,这是学术权力生成的核心力量;4.奖励权威,即学术组织和专家学者对学术事务进行评价、认可、奖掖、激励的权力,这是学术权力生成的职责基础;5.感召权威,即学术组织的整体形象和专家学者的个人魅力令人敬服,这是学术权力生成的群体基础。目前,要提升学术权力在我国高校权力结构中的地位,使其能与行政权力协调运作,必须内外并举。外部举措主要是由政府从制度和政策两方面来推动;内部举措主要是由高校从理念、制度和人员三方面进行设计,采取由外而内、由上而下的调控监管的策略,建立自由的学术环境,提高全校师生员工的整体素质。

The generative bases of academic rights of higher education fall into five types： （1） spiritual authority-people＇s reverence and conviction to modern universities, which serves as the spiritual bases of the generation of the academic rights;（2） legal authority-functions and powers entrusted by legal regulations, which acts as the legal bases of the generation of the academic rights;（3） professional authority the academic positions and prestige of professionals and experts, which works as the core forces of the generation of the academic rights; （4） encouraging authority the powers of the academic organizations and experts to evaluate, approve, reward and encourage the academic affairs, which operates as the duty bases of the generation of the academic rights; （5） impelling authority the overall image of the academic organizations and the admiring glamour of experts and scholars, which functions as the mass bases of the generation of the academic rights. At present, to promote the status of the academic rights in the hierarchy of our higher education and make it cooperate with the administrative powers, we must take action both internally and externally. External measures are mainly the promotion of the government from the system and policy; Internal measures are mainly for the higher education to design from such three aspects as ideas, systems and personnel, using strategies from outside to inside or top to bottom and strategies of regulation and supervision; thus a free academic environment can be established and the overall qualities of all the teachers and students in universities can he improved.