20世纪30年代以来中国农村土地经营规模研究——以无锡、保定为例

Studies on the Land Operation Scales in China's Rural Areas since 1930s

本文以无锡、保定农村经济调查资料为例,说明农业土地经营小型化是中国近代以来农业发展的一个突出特点。人民公社对土地曾实行了大规模经营,由于诸多弊端,导致了农业生产的低效率。实行家庭联产承包责任制以后,中国农村重新回到一家一户的小规模经营方式,粮食产量大幅度提高。近年来,在无锡、保定地区,随着农民大规模向第二、三产业转移,并将土地转包给种田大户、村集体或工商企业,从而出现了土地适度规模经营、农业向现代化发展的喜人现象。但是,这种较高成本的农业现代化只能是少数经济发达地区才能做到的事情。

This paper, according to investigation data of rural economy in Wuxi and Baoding, shows that one of the outstanding characteristics is that land should be operated in China in a small scale. The land operation in the times of people＇s commune leads to low yield of grain. After the contract system is carried out, land operation is based on one household and a lot of grain has been produced. In recent years peasants in Wuxi and Baoding have begun to have access to the second and third industries, and their lands have been given to larger households who are good at grain, a transfer toward agricultural modernization, which is done only in a few places of fast growth of economy.