水工程建设对长江流域鱼类生物多样性的影响及其对策

Impacts of hydraulic works on fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River Valley and countermeasures

长江流域鱼类种类丰富、资源量大、特有性高、经济种类多,其生物多样性具有重要的生态价值、经济价值和科学价值．流域内鱼类生物多样性由于面临河流梯级开发引起的洄游阻隔、生境破碎和水文情势等改变的严重威胁,种群下降趋势明显．为保护长江流域鱼类生物多样性,有必要更新水工程规划理念和设计技术,修建鱼道等必要过鱼设施,进行水库生态调度,建立鱼类自然保护区和建立生态补偿机制等．

The biodiversity of fish in the Yangtze River valley is of great value for the ecology, economy and scientific research as it is characterized with a great variety, abound resources, high peculiarities and various economic species. But its population tends to go down obviously due to so many threatening factors like the fish - migrating barrier, habitat deterioration and water regime change as a result of the river cascade exploitation,i, e. hydraulic works. In order to protect the biodiversity of fish, it is quiet necessary to upgrade the engineering concept and technology for the planning and design of hydraulic works, and build up necessary fish passage facilities like fishway for the reservoir ecology operation, and also essential to create the natural fish reserve and establish an ecological compensation mechanism etc.