室内人工模拟降雨试验研究

Laboratory rainfall simulation with controlled rainfall intensity and drainage.

该研究在天然降雨的观测基础上,根据室内侵蚀模拟试验的特点,设计了两种降雨模拟试验系统,并对该系统的降雨特性进行了率定和分析研究.研究结果表明,对于SX2002管网式降雨模拟器和SX2004喷射式降雨模拟器,可以把雨强作为主要控制参数来实现降雨模拟的动能相似;这两种降雨系统都能较好地满足室内降雨模拟试验的要求,其中管网式降雨器雨强调控范围较大、均匀度较好,但比较适于尺度较小的试验,喷射式降雨器更适于尺度和地形高差较大的模型试验,但它的雨强调控范围和均匀度不如前者.

This study presented the construction and operating characteristics of the two rainfall simulators, SX20002 net-styled simulator and SX2004 sprayer-styled simulator. A series of detailed tests and researches on the rainfall characteristics had been operated, including rainfall intensity, distribution uniformity, diameters and impacting velocities of the raindrops, kinetic energy of the rainfall, etc. As a result, rainfall intensity was soundly recommended to regulate the rainfall energy, and it was also concluded that both of the simulators could be taken on laboratory studies of soil and water erosion process. It is showed that the net-styled simulator, which has better distribution uniformity and wider range of controlled intensities, is more suitable for the smaller scale experiments. In contrast, the sprayer-styled simulator can be used in the larger scale experiments with greater elevation difference of the landform.