彩色猕猴桃与美味猕猴桃的遗传差异分析

Analysis of the genetic diversity between Actinidia deliciosa var. coloris and A. deliciosa var. deliciosa

彩色猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa var．coloris)为美味猕猴桃(A．deliciosa var．deliciosa)的红心变种,数量稀少,十分珍贵,是中国特有的种质资源,具有重要的育种价值。采用RAPD技术研究彩色猕猴桃红美,TJ-DD—19,TJ- DD-54,TJ—DD-75和Ckou—DD-18的遗传多样性,以及它们与3个有代表性美味猕猴桃品种川猕1号,秦美和海沃德的遗传差异性。从120个引物中筛选出扩增效果较好的18个引物,共扩增出242条带,其中多态性带206条,占85．1％。各引物扩增的条带数在5～18条不等,平均每个引物扩增出的带数为13．4条。结果表明,彩色猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃具有复杂的遗传关系,它们除了变种间具有较大的遗传差异外,变种内也存在一定的遗传差异。同时,采用UPGMA法聚类的结果与传统的形态分类存在一定的差异,但部分反映了猕猴桃的地理分布。

Actinidia deliciosa var. coloris is a very rare and valuable germplasm of kiwifruit. It is a kind of red core variety of A. deliciosa. 5 materials ofA. deliciosa var. coloris ： Hongmei, TJ-DD-19, TJ-DD-54, TJ-DD-75 and Ckou-DD-18 and 3 cuhivars ofA. deliciosa： Chuanmi 1, Qinmei and Hayward were used as materials for studying their genetic relationship and diversity by RAPD. Of the 120 random primers screened, 18 primers exhibited sufficient polymorphic bands. A total of 242 RAPD bands were generated by 18 selected random primers, among which 206 bands were polymorphic. The average number of bands observed per primer was 13.4 with a range from 5 to 18. The results showed that the genetic relationship between A. deliciosa var. coloris and A. deliciosa was complex due to the cross dendrogram by cluster analysis of UPGMA. The genetic diversity existed not only in A. deliciosa var. coloris and A. deliciosa, but also in the variety itself. The RAPD results had some differences with morphological classification, but partially indicated their original distribution. The relationships between the RAPD results and the original distributions of A. deliciosa var. coloris and A. deliciosa were discussed in this paper.