苹果芽变选种鉴定及应用研究

Review on identification and utilization of apple sport selection

芽变选种具有育种周期短、育种进程快的特点,是种质资源创新的重要途径。从形态学、解剖学、同工酶、孢粉学、染色体观察、生理生化特性及分子标记等方面对芽变鉴定的常规方法进行了综述,认为叶片栅栏组织比例、气孔密度、孢粉形态等是芽变品种鉴定的重要指标,同工酶技术及分子标记技术是芽变品种鉴定的重要手段。进一步对芽变发生的遗传类别及分子机理进行了初步探讨,对芽变选种的应用前景进行了展望。

This paper summarizes the routine method for identifying the apple sports by morphology, anatomy, isozyme, chromosome observation, pollen morphology, physiological-biochemical characteristics and molecular marker. Ratio of palisade tissue, stoma density and pollen morphology are the important index for sport identification. Technology of isozyme and molecular marker are the important means for identification. The kinds of sport and its molecular mechanism, and the prospect of sport selection are discussed.