北京PM_(10)中化学元素组成特征及来源分析

Characteristics of Chemical Elements in Beijing PM_(10) and Their Source Apportionment

在通过对北京市区PM10连续1 a的观测的基础上,发现北京PM10的质量浓度有明显的季节变化规律;使用质子激发荧光(PIXE)对PM10中的化学元素进行了分析.结果表明:不同季节PM10中元素的质量浓度总量差别较大,春季最高,秋季最低;地壳元素Al,Si,Mg,Ca,Fe等的质量浓度在春季最高,人为污染源的元素S,Cl,Zn的质量浓度则在冬季达到最大值;因子分析显示Si,Ca,Al,Fe,Mg和Ti有很高的相关度,表明来自地表土壤;S,Zn,Pb的相关程度很高,代表来自人类活动的工业排放源;Cl,As的相关性较大,可能与工业燃烧等人为活动有关.

Based on one-year-period monitoring for Beijing PM10, the mass levels of PM10 showed a seasonal variation, with much higher values in winter and spring, lower in summer, and the lowest in autumn. PIXE （Proton Induced X-ray Emission） was used to analyze chemical elements in PM10. The results show that mass concentration of elements in PM10 varies from season to season, with the highest percentage in spring and lowest in autumn. Mass concentration of crustal elements, such as Al, Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, reaches the highest in spring. Element S,Cl and Zn from anthropogenic pollution sources reach their highest percentage in winter. Factor analysis indicates that Si, Ca, Al, Fe, Mg and Ti had a high degree of correlation, which means these elements are from the earth crust or soil. S,Zn and Pb are associated with industry pollution. Cl and As might have relationship with combustion.