小麦K、V、T、CHA细胞质雄性不育类型的光合特性分析

Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics of K,V,T and CHA-Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines of Wheat

利用2套同核异质的K、V、T、CHA型不育系及其保持系，对其不同生长发育时期的光合特性及光合产物的积累进行分析研究，探讨不同小麦雄性不育类型的胞质效应。结果表明：（1）叶绿素含量在各个材料中表现不同，K、V、T型不育系与保持系相差不大，也未表现出不良效应，CHA型抽穗期的叶绿素含量为2．368—1．253mg／g，较K、V、T型不育系及其保持系低0．668～1．719mg／g，差异显著，开花期后差距不断缩小，趋于一致；（2）K型不育系的Fv／Fm值大多保持在0．84以上，其他不育系及保持系多在0．77～0．84之间，其中ФPSⅡ也相对较高，而T型胞质类型的Fv／Fm值相对要低，在孕穗期仅为0．77～0．806，后期有所增加；（3）保持系从抽穗期到灌浆后期Pn值多在10以上，而K、V、T型3种不育胞质类型表现出负效应，尤其在灌浆后期差异显著。在抽穗期，K型不育系的Pn值较低，T型不育系的Pn值下降幅度最大，在灌浆后期降到1．45～1．9，显著低于K、V型的1．55～2．85，太911289CHA型不育系的Pn值较高而冀5418CHA不育系Pn值较低；（4）不同不育类型的光合产物积累存在～定差异，K、V、T型3种不育系的千粒重为29．1～37．82g，CHA型不育系仅22．73～23．51g，均低于保持系，在淀粉和可溶性糖含量上也有类似的表现，但是CHA型不育系蛋白质含量为19．13％-19．93％，高于其他类型不育系0．58％-3．08％，保持系最低，仅15．47％～15．38％，说明CHA造成的伤害对光合产物积累造成的影响要大于胞质效应；（5）不同基因型对细胞质的反应不同。冀5418不育系与其B系在光合速率及光合产物积累上的增减幅度小于太911289，说明后者对胞质反应较前者敏感。

K, V, T and CHA type cytoplasmic male sterile lines at different developmental stages were compared with their maintainer lines to study the effect of different cytoplasms. This effect may lead to the thinness of seeds from male sterile lines. The chlorophyll contents （Table 1 ） were no significant differences between K, V, T-male sterile lines and their maintainer lines, while the chlorophyll content of CHA-sterile lines at booting stage （2. 368-1. 253 mg/g） was significantly less than that of other male sterile lines and their maintainer lines （0. 668-1.719 mg/g）, and the differences decreased after anthesis. Not all the male sterile lines showed negative effects on fluorescence parameter, such as the Fv/Fm values of K-sterile lines which were more than 0.84 and higher than those of the other sterile lines and maintainer lines, especially after anthesis. The same trend was found among the ФPSⅡ values. Compared with the other male sterile lines, T-male sterile lines had lower Fv/Fm values which were 0.77-0.806 at booting stage, although the values increased later. The negative effects were mainly manifested on net photosynthetic rate （ Pn ）. The Pn values of maintainer lines were mostly higher than those of male sterile lines. The Pn values of K-male sterile lines were the lowest at heading stage, those of T-sterile lines decreased to 1.45-1.9 μmol CO2· m^-2·s^-1 during later filling stage, significantly lower than the others. The P. of Tai 911289 CHA-sterile lines was higher than that of other male sterile lines, while that of Ji 5418 CHA-sterile lines lower relatively. Thousand-grain weight of K, V, T-male sterile lines was 29.1-37.82 g and that of CHA-sterile line 22.73-23.51 g which were much lower than that of maintainer lines. The starch content and soluble sugar content of seeds from maintainer lines were also higher than those of sterile lines. Protein content of CHA-sterile line was 19.13%- 19.93%, 0.58%-3.08% higher than that of other sterile, that of maintainer lines was 15.47%-15.38%, lower than the others. The influences of damage by CHA were more than that of negative effects from different cytoplasms. Performance of Ji5418 male sterile lines on photosynthesis rate and accumulation of photosynthate was superior to that of Tai 911289 sterile lines, which indicated that the later was more sensitive than the former to cytoplasm.