全民健身对知识分子身心健康影响的研究

Research on the Effect of Mass Exercise on the Physical and Psychological Heath of Intellectuals

采用文献、问卷调查、数理统计、特尔斐法等方法,以我国8大地区4800名知识分子作为研究对象,4619名非知识分子作为参照,对知识分子健身状况与其身心健康状况的相关因素进行研究。发现:知识分子健身状况总体水平偏高,且存在民族、性别、职业、年龄结构、健康、城乡、职业类型间的差异;知识分子健康状况明显好转。不同健身水平的知识分子,其生活方式、职业特征、身体与心理自我感觉均存在显著差异。生活方式、职业特征可以作为知识分子健身、健康状况的有效预测因子。身体与心理自我感觉可以作为知识分子参与健身活动心境状态的有效显示器;知识分子健身状况与其健身心理呈正相关,随着知识分子健身心理水平的提升,其健身水平呈现向上趋势。不同健身水平的知识分子,其健身心理各要素之间均存在显著性差异。

This paper discussed the factors that relate to the intellectual＇s exercise level and their physical-psychological health condition with the methods of documents, questionnaire, statistics, Delphi etc. This research involved 4,800 intellectual as subjects and 4,619 non-intellectual subjects as comparison, all of these subjects come from the eight major areas of China. The research indicated that： First, the intellectual＇s general exercise level tends to be higher, but it varies from nationality, gender, occupation, age, individual heath condition, urban and suburban areas etc. Second, the intellectual＇s health condition had got apparent improving. People in different exercise level showed great distinction in their life style, occupation feature, and physical-psychological self-consciousness. Life style and occupation feature can be regarded as effective factors that predict a person＇s exercise and health condition, while physical-psychological self-consciousness can be seen as an efficient screen which shows a person＇s fitness psychology. Third, the positive relationship existed between the intellectual＇s exercise level and their exercise psychology. The intellectual＇s exercise level seems to be growing with the improving of their exereise psychological level. Accordingly, different exercise level reflected different exercise psychology.