霉菌对枪弹的侵蚀与防治

Corrosion of Firearm and Bullet from Moulds and Its Prevention

为了弄清霉菌对枪弹的危害及防治方法，更有效地保存枪弹，防止霉菌的侵蚀危害，用人工接种培养方法，将5种军标霉菌接种到4组枪弹样品上。一组置于加瓦莎荜粉为防霉剂密封袋中，二组置于加瓦莎荜粉为防霉剂敞口袋中，三组置于不加瓦莎荜粉的敞口袋中，四组置于不加瓦莎荜粉防霉剂的塑料袋中并密封。在温度（30±1）℃，湿度（95±5）％交替变化的条件下对枪弹连续进行试验后用微格测量法测量霉菌生长侵蚀面积。试验56d结果表明：一组没有长霉；二组样品长霉极少，长霉面积仅为0．04％～0．53％，危害小；三组和四组长霉面积大，长霉面积为11．02％～19．51％和7．21％～14．60％，危害严重，是二组的64．2～191．7倍。因此，选择瓦莎荜作为防霉剂在密封条件下，有强烈抑制枪弹上霉菌生长作用，是防止霉菌对枪弹危害的有效新方法。

The five kinds of moulds selected according to the military standard were inoculated to four sampling groups of military firearm and bullet by man-made measures. The first group was sealed up in plastic bag with wasabi as preservative, the second group was not sealed up with wasabi, the third group was also not sealed up but without wasabi, and the fourth group was sealed up without wasabi as preservative. The test was conducted alternately under the conditions of temperature in （30±1）℃ and humidity in （95 ± 5） %. The results after 56 d show that there is no corrosion for the first group and the mould propagation is few for the second group, the area of corrosion is about 0.04 % -0.53 %. But, the areas of propagating moulds are 11.02 % -- 19.51% and 7.21% - 14.60 % separately for the third and fourth groups, that are 64.2 - 191.7 times as much as the second group. It is concluded that selection of preservative and drier under the seal condition is the effective way to control the corrosion from moulds and reduce the mould harm to military firearm and bullet.