林业血防生态工程在血吸虫病防治中的作用及展望

Functions and Prospects of Forestry Ecological Engineering on Preventing Schistosomiasis

1990年以来,我国一些林业学者在总结长期生产和科研实践基础上提出了“以林为主,抑螺防病”的林业血防生态工程科学设想,即运用生态经济学原理,在因地制宜的基础上,采取以林为主,生态学、环境学、农学、系统工程学以及流行病学等众多学科结合,林、农、副、渔等多种经营,创立融抑螺防病、经济、生态三效一体的人工林生态系统———抑螺防病林。通过多年的试验研究,提出了多物种、多层次、多结构、多功能的低丘滩地的治理与开发模式以及不同类型的抑螺防病综合治理模式,形成了以生物为主与工程措施相互结合的一整套较为系统的抑螺防病林体系。目前在长江流域湖区5省建立抑螺防病林试验点19个,试验区面积6万多hm2,抑螺防病效果十分明显。同时,林业血防生态工程还兼具湿地保护、促进滩地综合治理与开发、有效降低滩地钉螺密度和促进林业产业发展等多重功能。

Based on generalizing the productive and researching experiences over a long period of time, some forestry experts put forward the scientific tentative plan of forestry ecological engineering to prevent schistosomiasis with the key ideas that schistosomiasis prevention were mainly through constructing forest ecosystem in China. Through applying the principle of ecological economy, synthesizing many subjects including ecology, environment, agronomy, systematic engineering and epidemiology, promoting a diversified economy including forestry, farming, side-line production and fishery, it constructed initially snail control and schistosomiasis prevention forestry ecosystem which contained three functions, i： e. , snail control and schistosomiasis, ecology with ecology. After years of experiments and researches, the exploiting and developing patterns of low hills, beaches and snail control and schistosomiasis prevention forestry which had different layers, different structures and different functions were put forward, and the snail control and schistosomiasis prevention system were also taken shape systematically relatively which combined biological measures with engineering measures. Presently, 19 experimental spots had been set up and experimental area were over 60 000 hm2 in 5 lake-region provinces along Yangtze River valley. It was effective for forest to control snail and prevent schistosomiasis. Moreover, forestry schistosomiasis prevention ecological engineering had many other functions, such as protecting wetlands, promoting and exploiting beaches, decreasing effectively snail density and developing forestry industry, and so on.